极地环境监测网的设计及其在南极普里兹湾的应用     

程文芳  朱建钢  吴荣荣  詹德川  陆大海  闫可  郑小罗 《海洋科学》2018,42(2):34-45

为了保护南极和北极的生态系统和环境,中国自20世纪90年代初开始推行和实施了极地环境监测计划,部署了各学科监测传感器阵列;采集了多学科数据,包括海洋、大气、冰冻圈、生物圈等主题;架构了"R/V雪龙号破冰船—极地考察站—国内基地"之间的快速数据传输网络;建立了海洋环境监测系统、太阳能地面空间监测系统、生态环境监测系统等系列监测系统。为了实现长期监测,达到预测和预警目标,本文针对国内外现状,在现有基础上设计了一套中国极地环境长期监测网(Polar Environment monitoring network of China,CPEMN)。该监测网集成各监测系统并在监测指标设计上覆盖我国极地所有常规监测/观测任务,且根据国际科研动态和长期监测规划拓展了预期监测范围。最后本文利用南极普里兹湾进行的破冰导航应用示范验证了CPEMN具有可执行性。  相似文献   

师宗县高良码头公路西侧古滑坡成因与防治措施     

曹瑾  张卫锋  张汝祥 《云南地质》2021,(1):127-132

云南师宗县高良码头公路西侧古滑坡为一中型推移式土质滑坡,滑坡体规模30.8万m³。该古滑坡曾造成南盘江短期堵塞,之后古滑坡堆积体处在临界稳定状态。由于修建的省道S207公路从滑坡下部通过,古滑坡堆积体开始蠕动,2013年8月滑坡堆积体加剧蠕动变形,后缘弧状拉张裂缝及错台变形强烈。通过多次实地调查,激发古滑坡堆积体蠕动因素有降水、地震、动荷载等,目前古滑坡堆积体处于不稳定状态,建议一是采用抗滑桩及滑体外围设置排水沟等工程治理,二是搬迁避让,确保生命和财产安全。  相似文献   

北京延庆葡萄产地高氟地质环境特征研究     

冯辉 《城市地质》2015,(2):27-30

北京延庆葡萄产地北侧山区出露大面积花岗岩。岩浆活动频繁,构造发育,特殊地质条件造成土壤存在明显的高氟异常,全氟、水溶氟含量高,部分地下水氟化物含量超过相关标准,是导致当地居民因饮用地下水而患有氟中毒地方病的主要原因。尽管农作物含氟符合相关标准,但高氟地质环境对农作物的含氟量仍具有富集趋势。  相似文献   

Effects of reduced salt concentrations on plant communities in the River Werra (Germany)     

Eckhard Coring  Jürgen Bäthe 《Limnologica》2011,41(2):134-142

The reduction and equalization of the salt concentrations in the River Werra have resulted in a gradual recovery of the aquatic flora. Spatial high-resolution macrophyte mappings document the spread of the aquatic vascular plants in the middle and lower River Werra. Simultaneously, the plankton blooms have declined. Changes in the composition of the algal communities including diatoms also indicated lower salinity. In addition to the salinity, high nutrient concentrations, waste water discharges and structural degradation are important stressors in the River Werra as shown by e.g. low species richness of vascular plants and the common occurrence of pollution tolerant diatoms. From the existing data it is clear that an encompassing improvement of the ecological conditions in the River Werra can only be achieved by further restoration measures considering all stressors.  相似文献   

Spatio-temporal changes in land cover and aquatic macrophytes of the Danube floodplain lake     

Helena O?ahe?ová  Ján O?ahe?  Robert Pazúr  Richard Hrivnák  Milan Valachovi? 《Limnologica》2011,41(4):316-324

The aquatic vegetation of ?í?ov Lake in the Danube floodplain, which is listed in the Ramsar Convention, was investigated to address three main questions: (1) how have landscape composition and the structures of the lake and its buffer zone changed from the mid-20th century; (2) how have species richness and the abundance of the aquatic macrophyte assemblage in this lake ecosystem changed over the last 34 years; and (3) which landscape metrics can best explain these temporal changes for floating-leaved macrophytes? Two methodological approaches, remote sensing and botanical field surveys, were applied. Historical (1949, 1970, 1990) and contemporary (2006) aerial photographs were analysed to determine land cover. Landscape configuration and structure were analysed using eight landscape metrics selected in advance to measure spatio-temporal changes and the fragmentation of the lake ecosystem and its corresponding buffer zone. The species diversity, abundance and distribution of true aquatic macrophytes were surveyed eleven times in five survey stretches between 1973 and 2007.At the landscape level, a decrease in the area covered by floating-leaved macrophytes, as well as an increase in open water surface and fragmentation of the land cover classes in the lake ecosystem, were recorded from 1949 to 2006. Overall, 30 true aquatic macrophytes were found from 1973 to 2007. Species richness did not change considerably, but the abundance of aquatic species fluctuated over the years. Three groups of true aquatic vegetation, based on common structural characteristics, were found in 1973–1983, 1989–2002, and 2004–2007 over the last 34 years. The landscape metrics NP, PD, LPI, and SHDI, which all express patterns of landscape fragmentation mostly indicate temporal changes in floating-leaved macrophytes.  相似文献   

机房环境监控报警器的设计与实现     

张延年  李元元  李彦 《山西气象》2011,(1):42-46

为保障各种设备的正常运行,及时发现和处理影响设备正常运行的故障和问题,应用单片机技术研制开发了机房环境监控报警器。实现了对设备机房中的电源、温度、烟雾和门窗等环境参量进行实时监控,当出现问题时可通过手机短信和声光等方式及时报警,从而有效地提高工作效率和机房的安全性。  相似文献   

The aquatic and semiaquatic biota in Miocene amber from the Campo LA Granja mine (Chiapas,Mexico): Paleoenvironmental implications     

《Journal of South American Earth Sciences》2015

Amber from the Campo La Granja mine in Chiapas, Mexico, is distinct from other sources of amber in Chiapas. Campo La Granja amber has distinct layers created by successive flows of resin with thin layers of sand on most surfaces. Aquatic and semi-aquatic arthropods are commonly found. Together these pieces of evidence suggest an estuarine environment similar to modern mangrove communities. The aquatic crustaceans are the most intriguing aspect of the biota. A large number of ostracods have been found in the amber—many with their carapaces open, suggesting that they were alive and submerged in water at the time of entombment. The only known examples of brachyuran crabs preserved in amber are found in the Campo La Granja amber. Amphipods, copepods, isopods, and tanaids are also members of the crustacean fauna preserved in amber.  相似文献   

Assessment of Constraint Factors of Resources and Environment of Sustainable Development in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebeiregion: Based on the Framework of Landscape Sustainability Science     

Zhang Da  He Chunyang  Wu Jianguo  Huang Qingxu 《地球科学进展》2015,30(10):1151-1161

The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region is an important engine for China’s socioeconomic development. Timely and effectively assessing constraint factors of resources and environment is of great significance for the sustainability assessment and the sustainable development of this region. However, comprehensive assessment research considering key resource and environmental constraints are still lacking. In this study, therefore, the limiting factors of resources and the environment in the BTH region were assessed based on the framework of landscape sustainability science. First, we chose five limiting factors, including topographic condition, geological environment, water resource, land resource, and atmospheric environment, to assess the constraints of resources and the environment using the single-factor evaluation method and the multi-factor comprehensive evaluation method. Based on the results, we divided the whole region into five subregions, i.e., the ecological conservation subregion, the geological disaster subregion, the water resource scarcity subregion, the atmospheric pollution subregion, and the cropland protection subregion. The results revealed that the northern BTH region was highly constrained by topographic conditions, the central BTH region was strongly constrained by geological environment and water resources, whereas the southern BTH region was constrained mainly by land resources and atmospheric environment. In addition, water resource was the main limiting factor for regional population growth and economic development. In 2010, the water resource scarcity subregion had a total population of 39.59 million, an urban population of 76.90%, and a gross domestic product of 2 455.57 billion yuan. We argue that the sustainable development of the BTH region should explicitly consider the resource and environmental limiting factors, implement land use optimization according to local conditions, maintain multiple land use types and diverse management strategies, based on the perspective of “strong sustainability”, so as to promote the regional sustainable development.  相似文献   

池塘养殖刺参安全度夏技术研究          下载免费PDF全文

刘锡胤  周文江  贺加贝  张晓明  陈伟  黄华  张岚 《海洋开发与管理》2018,35(2):103-108

文章概述夏季池塘养殖刺参死亡症状和灾情特点,分析刺参死亡原因主要包括池水盐度骤降、池水温度升高、池水pH值下降、池水分层、有机污染和刺参自身原因。在此基础上,提出池塘养殖刺参安全度夏的技术措施,主要包括科学合理选择养殖地址、规范池塘建设、做好度夏前准备工作、水质管理、及时清除水草和大型藻类、采取降温措施以及补充营养等,涉及大量具体操作方法,具有科学性和实用性。  相似文献   

基于景观格局变化的海岸带生态风险评价——以辽宁省瓦房店市为例          下载免费PDF全文

欧阳雪敏  艾彬  贾晓韡 《海洋开发与管理》2018,35(1):105-113

文章利用RS和GIS技术手段对辽宁省瓦房店市1990—2015年的变迁过程进行监测,得出各历史时期的土地利用变化信息。将各类土地利用信息与景观生态学相结合,利用景观格局破碎度、景观分离度、景观优势度作为指标构建景观损失指数,并利用景观组分的面积比重构建海岸带生态风险指数。基于ArcGIS和Fragstats软件平台,通过空间采样和插值方法得到区域生态风险的空间分布,据此重构了瓦房店市1990—2015年的生态风险值变化过程。监测表明,1990—2015年期间,耕地、林地和滩涂呈减少趋势,水域和建设用地逐年增加,其他类型变化幅度不大。虽然耕地所占总面积比例由45.37%减少至37.23%,但一直是瓦房店最主要的景观。25年间瓦房店生态安全总体呈下降态势,1990—2015年6时段的生态风险年平均值分别为0.211 9、0.200 3、0.203 2、0.194 9、0.209 7和0.209 1。在时间维度,1990—2005年和2010—2015年生态安全度下降明显;在空间维度,瓦房店市海岸带的李官镇-三台满族乡和谢屯镇-炮台镇的生态风险度高,西杨乡、东岗镇和驼山乡生态风险由极高降为高或中,生态安全度有所提高。研究表明,人口和社会经济发展是影响瓦房店市景观格局变化的主要因素,该区域未来海岸带要实现可持续开发必须要进行科学的规划。  相似文献